Tukukkk

I was searching for a long time how to write multi-page TIFFs with the JPEG encoding. TIFFs support JPEG encoded frames but the built-in encoder in .NET Framework does not have JPEG as a compression option.

The code is based on the answer to this question: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14811496/tiff-with-jpeg-compression-much-larger-than-original-jpeg
but does not rely on the FreeImage library.

First up, a class to convert BitmapFrame or Bitmap to a JPEG image:

using System.Drawing;

using System.Drawing.Imaging;

using System.IO;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;



namespace TIFF

{

    public class Jpeg

    {

        public byte Data;

        public uint Width;

        public uint Height;

        public uint HorizontalResolution;

        public uint VerticalResolution;



        public Jpeg(byte data, uint width, uint height, uint horizontalResolution, uint verticalResolution)

        {

            this.Data = data;

            this.Width = width;

            this.Height = height;

            this.HorizontalResolution = horizontalResolution;

            this.VerticalResolution = verticalResolution;

        }



        public static Jpeg FromBitmapFrame(BitmapFrame bitmap, long quality)

        {

            Jpeg jpeg;



            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())

            {

                JpegBitmapEncoder encoder = new JpegBitmapEncoder();

                encoder.QualityLevel = 90;

                encoder.Frames.Add(bitmap);

                encoder.Save(stream);



                jpeg = new Jpeg(stream.ToArray(), (uint)bitmap.Width, (uint)bitmap.Height, (uint)bitmap.DpiX, (uint)bitmap.DpiY);

            }



            return jpeg;

        }



        public static Jpeg FromBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, long quality)

        {

            Jpeg jpeg;

            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())

            {

                ImageCodecInfo jpgEncoder = GetEncoder(ImageFormat.Jpeg);

                Encoder encoder = Encoder.Quality;

                EncoderParameters parameters = new EncoderParameters(1);

                parameters.Param[0] = new EncoderParameter(encoder, quality);

                bitmap.Save(stream, jpgEncoder, parameters);



                jpeg = new Jpeg(stream.ToArray(), (uint) bitmap.Width, (uint) bitmap.Height, (uint) bitmap.HorizontalResolution, (uint) bitmap.VerticalResolution);

            }



            return jpeg;

        }



        private static ImageCodecInfo GetEncoder(ImageFormat format)

        {

            ImageCodecInfo codecs = ImageCodecInfo.GetImageDecoders();

            foreach (ImageCodecInfo codec in codecs)

            {

                if (codec.FormatID == format.Guid)

                {

                    return codec;

                }

            }

            return null;

        }

    }

}

Next, a class to create the TIFF image

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Drawing;

using System.IO;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;



namespace TIFF

{

    public static class JpegTiff

    {

        public static byte Create(List<BitmapFrame> frames, long quality)

        {

            List<Jpeg> jpegs = new List<Jpeg>();



            foreach (var frame in frames)

            {

                jpegs.Add(Jpeg.FromBitmapFrame(frame, quality));

            }



            return WrapJpegs(jpegs);

        }    



        public static byte Create(List<Bitmap> bitmaps, string filename, long quality)

        {

            List<Jpeg> jpegs = new List<Jpeg>();



            foreach (var bitmap in bitmaps)

            {

                jpegs.Add(Jpeg.FromBitmap(bitmap, quality));

            }



            return WrapJpegs(jpegs);

        }



        private static byte WrapJpegs(List<Jpeg> jpegs)

        {

            if (jpegs == null || jpegs.Count == 0 || jpegs.FindIndex(b => b.Data.Length == 0) > -1)

                throw new ArgumentNullException("Image Data must not be null or empty");



            MemoryStream tiffData = new MemoryStream();

            BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(tiffData);

            uint offset = 8; // size of header, offset to IFD

            ushort entryCount = 14; // entries per IFD



            #region IFH - Image file header



            // magic number

            if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)

                writer.Write(0x002A4949);

            else

                writer.Write(0x4D4D002A);



            // offset to (first) IFD

            writer.Write(offset);



            #endregion IFH



            #region IFD Image file directory



            // write image file directories for each jpeg

            for (int i = 0; offset > 0; i++)

            {

                var jpeg = jpegs[i];

                uint width = jpeg.Width;

                uint length = jpeg.Height;

                uint xres = jpeg.HorizontalResolution;

                uint yres = jpeg.VerticalResolution;



                // count of entries:

                writer.Write(entryCount);



                offset += 6 + 12 * (uint)entryCount; // add lengths of entries, entry-count and next-ifd-offset



                // TIFF-fields / IFD-entrys:

                // {TAG, TYPE (3 = short, 4 = long, 5 = rational), COUNT, VALUE/OFFSET}

                uint[,] fields = new uint[,] {

                    {254, 4, 1, 0}, // NewSubfileType

                    {256, 4, 1, width}, // ImageWidth

                    {257, 4, 1, length}, // ImageLength

                    {258, 3, 3, offset}, // BitsPerSample

                    {259, 3, 1, 7}, // Compression (new JPEG)

                    {262, 3, 1, 6}, //PhotometricInterpretation (YCbCr)

                    {273, 4, 1, offset + 22}, // StripOffsets (offset IFH + entries + values of BitsPerSample & YResolution & XResolution)

                    {277, 3, 1, 3}, // SamplesPerPixel

                    {278, 4, 1, length}, // RowsPerStrip

                    {279, 4, 1, (uint)jpegs[i].Data.LongLength}, // StripByteCounts

                    {282, 5, 1, offset + 6}, // XResolution (offset IFH + entries + values of BitsPerSample)

                    {283, 5, 1, offset + 14}, // YResolution (offset IFH + entries + values of BitsPerSample & YResolution)

                    {284, 3, 1, 1}, // PlanarConfiguration (chunky)

                    {296, 3, 1, 2} // ResolutionUnit

                };



                // write fields

                for (int f = 0; f < fields.GetLength(0); f++)

                {

                    writer.Write((ushort)fields[f, 0]);

                    writer.Write((ushort)fields[f, 1]);

                    writer.Write(fields[f, 2]);

                    writer.Write(fields[f, 3]);

                }



                // offset of next IFD

                if (i == jpegs.Count - 1)

                    offset = 0;

                else

                    offset += 22 + (uint)jpegs[i].Data.LongLength; // add values (of fields) length and jpeg length

                writer.Write(offset);



                #region values of fields



                // BitsPerSample

                writer.Write((ushort)8);

                writer.Write((ushort)8);

                writer.Write((ushort)8);



                // XResolution

                writer.Write(xres);

                writer.Write(1);



                // YResolution

                writer.Write(yres);

                writer.Write(1);



                #endregion values of fields



                // actual image Data

                writer.Write(jpegs[i].Data);

            }

            #endregion IFD



            writer.Close();

            return tiffData.ToArray();

        }

    }

}

It could probably be improved by passing in the stream to write to instead of returning a byte array.