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Medalha Copley
Medalha Copley entregue a Mendeleev em 1905.
Classificação
País	Reino Unido
Outorgante	Royal Society
Tipo	Científica
Agraciamento	Godfrey Copley
Condição	Ativa
Histórico
Criação	1709
Primeira concessão	1731

Medalha Copley é um prêmio no domínio das ciências. É a medalha de maior prestígio atribuída pela Royal Society e, também, a mais antiga. Foi concedida pela primeira vez em 1731.

História |

A medalha foi criada após uma doação de £ 100 à Sociedade Real, em 1709, por Godfrey Copley, um proprietário de terras em Sprotbrough (próximo a Doncaster, sul de Yorkshire), que foi eleito membro da sociedade em 1691.

É uma das dez medalhas concedidas pela Royal Society. Algumas são anuais, outras concedidas em diferentes intervalos, conforme os termos de atribuição. A Medalha Copley alterna entre as ciências físicas e as ciências da vida. Os laureados são eleitos pelos sócios da Royal Society.

Agraciados |

1731 — 1750 |

Nº	Ano	Premiado	Nacionalidade	Razão	Referência
1	1731	Gray, StephenStephen Gray	Reino Unido	"Por seus novos experimentos sobre eletricidade: como encorajamento devido à rapidez que sempre mostrou à Royal Society com suas descobertas e melhoramentos nesta parte das ciências naturais"	[1]
2	1732	Gray, StephenStephen Gray		"Pelos experimentos realizados durante o ano 1732"
	1733	Não concedido
3	1734	Desaguliers, John TheophilusJohn Theophilus Desaguliers	França	"Em consideração aos seus diversos experimentos apresentados à Royal Society"	[2]
	1735	Não concedido
4	1736	Desaguliers, John TheophilusJohn Theophilus Desaguliers	França	"Por seus experimentos realizados durante o ano"	[2]
5	1737	Belchier, JohnJohn Belchier	Reino Unido	"Por seu experimento mostrando as propriedades de uma dieta de raízes de garança no tingimento de ossos de animais vivos com uma coloração vermelha"	[3]
6	1738	Valoue, JamesJames Valoue		"Por sua invenção de uma engenhoca para direcionar os pilares de uma fundação para a ponte a ser construída em Westminster, cujo modelo foi apresentado à Royal Society"	—
7	1739	Hales, StephenStephen Hales		"Por seus experimentos em busca de medicamentos para dissolver cálculos renais, e conservantes para alimentos em longas viagens marítimas"	[4]
8	1740	Stuart, AlexanderAlexander Stuart		"Por suas aulas sobre o movimento muscular. Em adição a seus serviços prestados à Royal Society"	[5]
9	1741	Desaguliers, John TheophilusJohn Theophilus Desaguliers	França	"For his Experiments towards the discovery of the properties of Electricity. As an addition to his allowance (as Curator) for the present year."	[2]
10	1742	Middleton, ChristopherChristopher Middleton	Reino Unido	"For the communication of his Observations in the attempt of discovering a North-West passage to the East Indies through Hudsons Bay"	[6]
11	1743	Trembley, AbrahamAbraham Trembley	Suíça	"For his Experiments on the Polypus"	—
12	1744	Baker, HenryHenry Baker	Reino Unido	"For his curious Experiments relating to the Crystallization or Configuration of the minute particles of Saline Bodies dissolved in a menstruum"	[7]
13	1745	Watson, WilliamWilliam Watson		"On account of the surprising discoveries in the phenomena of Electricity, exhibited in his late Experiments"	[8]
14	1746	Robins, BenjaminBenjamin Robins		"On account of his curious Experiments for showing the resistance of the Air, and his rules for establishing his doctrine thereon for the motion of Projectiles"	[9]
15	1747	Knight, GowinGowin Knight		"On account of several very curious Experiments exhibited by him, both with Natural and Artificial Magnets"	[10]
16	1748	Bradley, JamesJames Bradley		"On account of his very curious and wonderful discoveries in the apparent motion of the Fixed Stars, and the causes of such apparent motion"	[11]
17	1749	Harrison, JohnJohn Harrison		"On account of those very curious Instruments, invented and made by him, for the exact mensuration of Time"	[12]
18	1750	Edwards, GeorgeGeorge Edwards		"On account of a very curious Book lately published by him, and intiyled, A Natural History of Birds, &c. - containing the Figures elegantly drawn, and illuminated in their proper colours, of 209 different Birds, and about 20 very rare Quadrupeds, Serpents, Fishes, and Insects."	[13]

1751 — 1800 |

Nº	Ano	Premiado	Nação	Razão	Referência
19	1751	Canton, JohnJohn Canton	Reino Unido	"On account of his communicating to the Society, and exhibiting before them, his curious method of making Artificial Magnets without the use of Natural ones"	[14]
20	1752	Pringle, JohnJohn Pringle	Escócia	"On account of his very curious and useful Experiments and Observations on Septic and Anti-septic Substances, communicated to the Society"	[15]
21	1753	Franklin, BenjaminBenjamin Franklin	Estados Unidos	"On account of his curious Experiments and Observations on Electricity"	[16]
22	1754	Lewis, WilliamWilliam Lewis	Inglaterra	"For the many Experiments made by him on Platina, which tend to the discovery of the sophistication of gold: - which he would have entirely completed, but was obliged to put a stop to his further enquiries for want of materials"	[17]
23	1755	Huxham, JohnJohn Huxham	Reino Unido	"For his many useful Experiments on Antimony, of which an account had been read to the Society"	[18]
	1756	Não concedido
24	1757	Cavendish, CharlesCharles Cavendish	Reino Unido	"On account of his very curious and useful invention of making Thermometers, showing respectively the greatest degrees of heat and cold which have happened at any time during the absence of the observer"	[10]
25	1758	Dollond, JohnJohn Dollond	Inglaterra	"On account of his curious Experiments and Discoveries concerning the different refrangibility of the Rays of Light, communicated to the Society"	[19]
26	1759	Smeaton, JohnJohn Smeaton		"On account of his curious Experiments concerning Water-wheels and Wind-mill Sails, communicated to the Society. For his experimental enquiry concerning the powers of water and wind in the moving of Mills"	[20]
27	1760	Benjamin WilsonBenjamin Wilson		"For his many curious Experiments in Electricity, communicated to the Society within the year"	[21]
	1761	Não concedido
	1762
	1763
28	1764	Canton, JohnJohn Canton	Reino Unido	"For his very ingenious and elegant Experiments in the Air Pump and Condensing Engine, to prove the Compressibility of Water, and some other Fluids"	[14]
	1765	Não concedido
29	1766	Brownrigg, WilliamWilliam Brownrigg, Edward Delaval e Henry Cavendish	Reino Unido	"For an experimental enquiry into the Mineral Elastic Spirit, or Air, contained in Spa-Water; as well as into the Mephitic qualities of this Spirit. (Brownrigg) For his Experiments and Observations on the agreement between the specific gravities of the several Metals, and their colours when united to glass, as well as those of their other preparations. (Delaval) For his Paper communicated this present year, containing his Experiments relating to Fixed Air. (Cavendish)"	[22]
30	1767	John EllisJohn Ellis	Irlanda	"For his Papers of the year 1767, On the animal nature of the Genus of Zoophytes called Corallina, and the Actinia Sociata, or Clustered Animal Flower, lately found on the sea coasts of the new-ceded Islands"	[23]
31	1768	Woulfe, PeterPeter Woulfe		"For his Experiments on the Distillation of Acids, Volatile Alkalies, and other substances"	[24]
32	1769	Hewson, WilliamWilliam Hewson	Inglaterra	"For his Two Papers, entitled, An Account of the Lymphatic System in Amphibious Animals, - and An Account of the Lymphatic System in Fish"	—
33	1770	William HamiltonWilliam Hamilton	Escócia	"For his Paper, entitled, An Account of a Journey to Mount Etna"	[25]
34	1771	Raper, MatthewMatthew Raper	Reino Unido	"For his paper entitled, An Enquiry into the value of ancient Greek and Roman Money"	—
35	1772	Priestley, JosephJoseph Priestley		"On account of the many curious and useful Experiments contained in his observations"
36	1773	Walsh, JohnJohn Walsh		"For his Paper on the Torpedo"	[26]
	1774	Não concedido
37	1775	Maskelyne, NevilNevil Maskelyne	Inglaterra	"In consideration of his curious and laborious Observations on the Attraction of Mountains, made in Scotland, - on Schehallien"	[27]
38	1776	Cook, JamesJames Cook	Reino Unido	"For his Paper, giving an account of the method he had taken to preserve the health of the crew of H.M. Ship the Resolution, during her late voyage round the world. Whose communication to the Society was of such importance to the public"	[28]
39	1777	Mudge, JohnJohn Mudge	Inglaterra	"On account of his valuable Paper containing directions for making the best Composition for the metals of Reflecting Telescopes; together with a description of the process for grinding, polishing, and giving the best speculum the true parabolic form"	—
40	1778	Hutton, CharlesCharles Hutton		"For his paper, entitled, The force of Fired Gunpowder, and the initial velocity of Cannon Balls, determined by Experiments"	[29]
	1779	Não concedido
41	1780	Vince, SamuelSamuel Vince	Inglaterra	"For his paper, entitled, An investigation of the Principles of Progressive and Rotatory Motion, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	[30]
42	1781	Herschel, WilliamWilliam Herschel	Alemanha	"For the Communication of his Discovery of a new and singular Star; a discovery which does him particular honour, as, in all probability, this start has been for many years, perhaps ages, within the bounds of astronomic vision, and yet till now, eluded the most diligent researches of other observers"	[31]
43	1782	Kirwan, RichardRichard Kirwan	Irlanda	"As a reward for the merit of his labours in the science of Chemistry. For his chemical analyses of Salts"	[30]
44	1783	Goodricke, JohnJohn Goodricke e Thomas Hutchins	Reino Unido	"For his discovery of the Period of the Variation of Light in the Star Algol. (Goodricke); For his Experiments to ascertain the point of Mercurial Congelation. (Hutchins)"	[30]
45	1784	Waring, EdwardEdward Waring	Inglaterra	"For his Mathematical Communications to the Society. For his Paper On the Summation of Series, whose general term is a determinate function of z the distance from the first term of the series"	[32]
46	1785	Roy, WilliamWilliam Roy	Escócia	"For his Measurement of a Base on Hounslow Heath"	[33]
	1786	Não concedido
47	1787	Hunter, JohnJohn Hunter	Escócia	"For his three Papers, - On the Ovaria, On the identity of the dog, wolf, and jackall species, and On the anatomy of Whales, printed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1787"	[34]
48	1788	Blagden, CharlesCharles Blagden	Inglaterra	"For his two Papers on Congelation, printed in the last (78th) volume of the Philosophical transactions"	[35]
49	1789	Morgan, WilliamWilliam Morgan	Reino Unido	"For his two Papers on the values of Reversions and Survivorships, printed in the two last volumes of the Philosophical Transactions"	[36]
	1790	Não concedido
50	1791	Rennell, JamesJames Rennell e Jean-André Deluc	Inglaterra Suíça	"For his Paper on the Rate of Travelling as performed by Camels, printed in the last (81st) volume of the Philosophical Transactions"	[37]
51	1792	Thompson, BenjaminBenjamin Thompson	Reino Unido	"For his various Papers on the Properties and Communication of Heat"	[38]
	1793	Não concedido
52	1794	Volta, AlessandroAlessandro Volta	Itália	"For his several Communications explanatory of certain Experiments published by Professor Galvani"	—
53	1795	Ramsden, JesseJesse Ramsden	Inglaterra	"For his various inventions and improvements in the construction of the Instruments for the Trigonometrical measurements carried on by the late Major General Roy, and by Lieut. Col. Williams and his associates"	[39]
54	1796	Atwood, GeorgeGeorge Atwood		"For his Paper on the construction and analysis of geometrical propositions determining the positions assumed by homogeneal bodies which float freely, and at rest; and also determining the Stability of Ships and other floating bodies"	[40]
	1797	Não concedido
55	1798	Shuckburgh-Evelyn, GeorgeGeorge Shuckburgh-Evelyn e Charles Hatchett	Inglaterra	"For his various Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions. (Evelyn); For his Chemical Communications printed in the Philosophical Transactions. (Hatchett)"	[41]
56	1799	Hellins, JohnJohn Hellins		"For his improved Solution of a problem in Physical Astronomy, &c. printed in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1798; and his other Mathematical Papers"	[42]
57	1800	Howard, Edward CharlesEdward Charles Howard	Reino Unido	"For his Paper on a New Fulminating Mercury"	[43]

1801 — 1850 |

Nº	Ano	Premiado	Nacionalidade	Razão	Referência
58	1801	Cooper, AstleyAstley Cooper	Inglaterra	"For his Papers - on the effects which take place from the destruction of the Membrana Tympani of the Ear; with an account of an operation for the removal of a particular species of Deafness"	[44]
59	1802	Wollaston, William HydeWilliam Hyde Wollaston	Reino Unido	"For his various Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	[45]
60	1803	Chenevix, RichardRichard Chenevix	Irlanda	"For his various Chemical Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	[46]
61	1804	Tennant, SmithsonSmithson Tennant	Inglaterra	"For his various Chemical Discoveries communicated to the Society, and printed in several volumes of the Philosophical Transactions"	[47]
62	1805	Davy, HumphryHumphry Davy		"For his various Communications published in the Philosophical Transactions"	[48]
63	1806	Knight, Thomas AndrewThomas Andrew Knight	Reino Unido	"For his various Papers on Vegetation, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	[49]
64	1807	Home, EverardEverard Home		"For his various Papers on Anatomy and Physiology, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	—
65	1808	Henry, WilliamWilliam Henry	Inglaterra	"For his various papers communicated to the society, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	—
66	1809	Troughton, EdwardEdward Troughton	Reino Unido	"For the Account of his Method of dividing Astronomical Instruments, printed in the last volume of the Philosophical Transactions"	[50]
	1810	Não concedido
67	1811	Brodie, Benjamin CollinsBenjamin Collins Brodie	Reino Unido	"For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions. On the influence of the Brain on the action of the Heart, and the generation of Animal Heat; and on the different modes in which death is brought on by certain Vegetable Poisons"	[51]
	1812	Não concedido
68	1813	Brande, William ThomasWilliam Thomas Brande	Reino Unido	"For his Communications concerning the Alcohol contained in Fermented Liquors and other Papers, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	—
69	1814	Ivory, JamesJames Ivory	Estados Unidos	"For his various Mathematical Contributions printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	[52]
70	1815	Brewster, DavidDavid Brewster	Escócia	"For his Paper on the Polarization of Light by Reflection from Transparent Bodies"	[53]
	1816	Não concedido
71	1817	Kater, HenryHenry Kater	Inglaterra	"For his Experiments on the Pendulum"	[54]
72	1818	Seppings, RobertRobert Seppings		"For his Papers on the construction of Ships of War, printed in the Philosophical Transactions"	—
	1819	Não concedido
73	1820	Orsted, Hans Christian !Hans Christian Ørsted	Dinamarca	"For his Electro-magnetic Discoveries"	[55]
74	1821	Sabine, EdwardEdward Sabine e John Herschel	Inglaterra	"For his various Communications to the Royal Society relating to his researches made in the late Expedition to the Arctic Regions. (Sabine) For his Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions. (Herschel)"	[56]
75	1822	Buckland, WilliamWilliam Buckland	Reino Unido	"For his Paper on the Fossil Teeth and Bones discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale"	[57]
76	1823	Pond, JohnJohn Pond	Inglaterra		—
77	1824	Brinkley, JohnJohn Brinkley	Irlanda	"For his various Communications to the Royal Society"	[58]
78	1825	Arago, FrançoisFrançois Arago e Peter Barlow	França  Inglaterra	"For the Discovery of the Magnetic Properties of substances not containing Iron. For the Discovery of the power of various bodies, principally metallic, to receive magnetic impressions, in the same, though in a more evanescent manner than malleable Iron, and in an infinitely less intense degree. (Arago) For his various Communications on the subject of Magnetism. (Barlow)"	[59]
79	1826	South, JamesJames South	Reino Unido	"For his observations of Double Stars, and his Paper on the Discordances between the Suns observed and computed Right Ascensions, published in the Transactions of the Society. For his Paper of Observations of the Apparent Distances and Positions of Four Hundred and Fifty-eight Double and Triple Stars, published in the present volume (1826, Part 1.) of the Transactions"	[60]
80	1827	Prout, WilliamWilliam Prout e Henry Foster		"For his Paper, entitled, On the ultimate Composition of simple alimentary substances, with some preliminary remarks on the analysis of organized bodies in general"	[61]
	1828	Não concedido
	1829
	1830
81	1831	Airy, George BiddellGeorge Biddell Airy	Reino Unido	"For his Papers, On the principle of the construction of the Achromatic Eye-pieces of Telescopes, - On the Spherical Aberration of the Eye-pieces of Telescopes, and for other Papers on Optical Subjects in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"	[62]
82	1832	Faraday, MichaelMichael Faraday e Simeon Poisson	Reino Unido  França	"For his discovery of Magneto-Electricity as detailed in his Experimental Researches in Electricity, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year. (Faraday) For his work entitled, Nouvelle Theorie de lAction Capillaire. (Poisson)"	[63]
	1833	Não concedido
83	1834	Plana, GiovanniGiovanni Plana	Itália	"For his work entitled, Theorie du Mouvement de la Lune"	[64]
84	1835	Harris, William SnowWilliam Snow Harris	Inglaterra	"For his experimental investigations of the force of electricity of high intensity contained in the Philosophical Transactions of 1834"	[48]
85	1836	Berzelius, Jöns JacobJöns Jacob Berzelius e Francis Kiernan	Suécia  Irlanda	"For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies, as contained in his Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie, and in other of his works. (Bezelius) For his discoveries relating to the structure of the liver, as detailed in his paper communicated to the Royal Society, and published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1833. (Kiernan)"	—
86	1837	Becquerel, Antoine CésarAntoine César Becquerel e John Frederic Daniell	França  Reino Unido	"For his various memoirs on the subject of electricity, published in the Memoires deacademie Royale des Sciences de lInstitut de France, and particularly for those on the production of crystals of metallic sulphurets and of sulphur, by the long-continued action of electricity of very low tension, and published in the tenth volume of those Memoires. (Becquerel) For his two papers on voltaic combinations published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836. (Daniell)"	[65]
87	1838	Gauss, Carl FriedrichCarl Friedrich Gauss e Michael Faraday	Alemanha  Reino Unido	"For his inventions and mathematical researches in magnetism. (Gauss) For his researches in specific electrical induction. (Faraday)"	[66]
88	1839	Brown, RobertRobert Brown	Escócia	"For his discoveries during a series of years, on the subject of vegetable impregnation"	[67]
89	1840	Liebig, Justus vonJustus von Liebig e Jacques Charles François Sturm	Alemanha  França	"For his discoveries in organic chemistry, and particularly for his development of the composition and theory of organic radicals. (Liebig) For his "Memoire sur la Resolution des Equations Numeriques," published in the Memoires des Savans Etrangers for 1835. (Sturm)"	[68][69]
90	1841	Ohm, Georg SimonGeorg Simon Ohm	Alemanha	"For his researches into the laws of electric currents contained in various memoirs published in Schweiggers Journal, Poggendorffs Annalen and in a separate work entitled Die galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet"	[70]
91	1842	MacCullagh, JamesJames MacCullagh	Irlanda	"For his researches connected with the wave theory of light, contained in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy"	[71]
92	1843	Dumas, Jean-BaptisteJean-Baptiste Dumas	França	"For his late valuable researches in organic chemistry, particularly those contained in a series of memoirs on chemical types and the doctrine of substitution, and also for his elaborate investigations of the atomic weights of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and other elements"	—
93	1844	Matteucci, CarloCarlo Matteucci	Itália	"For his various researches in animal electricity"	[72]
94	1845	Schwann, TheodorTheodor Schwann	Alemanha	"For his physiological researches on the development of animal & vegetable textures, published in his work entitled Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur u. dem Wachsthun der Thiese u. Bflanzen"	—
95	1846	Verrier, Urbain LeUrbain Le Verrier	França	"For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus by which he proved the existence and predicted the place of the new Planet; the Council considering such prediction confirmed as it was by the immediate discovery of the Planet to be one of the proudest triumphs of modern analysis applied to the Newtonian Theory of Gravitation"	[73]
96	1847	Herschel, JohnJohn Herschel	Inglaterra	"For his work entitled Results of Astronomical Observations made during the years 1834, 1835, 1836, 1837 and 1838, at the Cape of Good Hope; being a completion of a telescopic survey of the whole surface of the visible heavens, commenced in 1825"	[56]
97	1848	Adams, John CouchJohn Couch Adams	Reino Unido	"For his investigations relative to the disturbances of Uranus, and for his application of the inverse problem of perturbations thereto"	[74]
98	1849	Murchison, RoderickRoderick Murchison	Escócia	"For the eminent services he has rendered to geological science during many years of active observation in several parts of Europe; and especially for the establishment of that classification of the older Palaeozoic deposits designated the Silurian System, as set forth in the two works entitled The Silurian System founded on Geological Researches in England, and The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains"	—
99	1850	Hansen, Peter AndreasPeter Andreas Hansen	Dinamarca	"For his researches in physical astronomy"	[48]

1851 — 1900 |

Nº	Ano	Premiado	Nacionalidade	Razão	Referência
100	1851	Owen, RichardRichard Owen	Reino Unido	"On account of his important discoveries in comparative anatomy & palaeontology, contained in the Philosophical Transactions and numerous other works"	[75]
101	1852	Humboldt, Alexander vonAlexander von Humboldt	Alemanha	"For his eminent services in terrestrial physics, during a series of years"	[76]
102	1853	Dove, Heinrich WilhelmHeinrich Wilhelm Dove		"For his work on the distribution of heat over the surface of the Earth"	—
103	1854	Müller, Johannes PeterJohannes Peter Müller		"For his important contributions to different branches of physiology and comparative anatomy, and particularly for his researches on the embryology of the Echinodermata, contained in a series of memoirs published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin"	[77]
104	1855	Foucault, LéonLéon Foucault	França	"For his various researches in experimental physics"	[48]
105	1856	Milne-Edwards, HenriHenri Milne-Edwards		"For his researches in comparative anatomy and zoology"	—
106	1857	Chevreul, Michel EugèneMichel Eugène Chevreul		"For his researches in organic chemistry, particularly on the composition of the fats, and for his researches on the contrast of coulours"	[48]
107	1858	Lyell, CharlesCharles Lyell	Reino Unido	"For his various researches and writings by which he has contributed to the advance of geology"	[48]
108	1859	Weber, WilhelmWilhelm Weber	Alemanha	"For the investigations contained in his Maasbestimmungen and other researches in electricity, magnetism, acoustics"	[78]
109	1860	Bunsen, RobertRobert Bunsen		"For his researches on cacodyls, gaseous analysis, the Voltaire phenomena of Iceland; and other researches"	[48]
110	1861	Agassiz, LouisLouis Agassiz	Suíça	"For his eminent researches in palaeontology and other branches of science, and particularly for his great works the Poissons Fossiles, and his Poissons du Vieux Gres Rouge dEcosse"	[48]
111	1862	Graham, ThomasThomas Graham	Escócia	"For three memoirs of the diffusion of liquids, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850 and 1851; for a memoir on osmotic force in the Philosophical Transactions for 1854; and particularly for a paper on liquid diffusion applied to analysis, including a distinction of compounds into colloids & crystalloids published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1861"	[79]
112	1863	Sedgwick, AdamAdam Sedgwick	Reino Unido	"For his original observations and discoveries in the geology of the Palaeozoic Series of rocks, and more especially for his determination of the characters of the Devonian System, by observations of the order of superposition of the Killas rocks & their fossils in Devonshire"	[80]
113	1864	Darwin, CharlesCharles Darwin		"For his important researches in geology, zoology, and botanical physiology"	[48]
114	1865	Chasles, MichelMichel Chasles	França	"For his historical and original researches in pure geometry"	[81]
115	1866	Plücker, JuliusJulius Plücker	Alemanha	"For his researches in analytical geometry, magnetism, & spectral analysis"	[82]
116	1867	Baer, Karl Ernst vonKarl Ernst von Baer		"For his discoveries in embryology and comparative anatomy, and for his contributions to the philosophy of zoology"	[48]
117	1868	Wheatstone, CharlesCharles Wheatstone	Reino Unido	"For his researches in acoustics, optics, electricity and magnetism"	[48]
118	1869	Regnault, Henri VictorHenri Victor Regnault	França	"For the second volume of his Relation des Experiences pour determiner les lois et les donnees physiques necessaries au calcul des machines a feu, including his elaborate investigations on the specific heat of gases and vapours, and various papers on the elastic force of vapours"	[48]
119	1870	Joule, James PrescottJames Prescott Joule	Reino Unido	"For his experimental researches on the dynamical theory of heat"	[48]
120	1871	Mayer, Julius vonJulius von Mayer	Alemanha	"For his researches on the mechanics of heat; including essays on: - 1. The force of inorganic nature. 2. Organic motion in connection with nutrition. 3. Fever. 4. Celestial dynamics. 5. The mechanical equivalent of heat"	[48]
121	1872	Wöhler, FriedrichFriedrich Wöhler		"For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and more especially for his researches on the products of the decomposition of cyanogens by ammonia; on the derivatives of uric acid; on the benzoyl series; on boron, silicon, & their compounds; and on meteoric stones"	[48]
122	1873	Helmholtz, Hermann vonHermann von Helmholtz		"For his researches in physics and physiology"	[83]
123	1874	Pasteur, LouisLouis Pasteur	França	"For his researches on fermentation and on pelerine"	[48]
124	1875	Hofmann, August Wilhelm vonAugust Wilhelm von Hofmann	Alemanha	"For his numerous contributions to the science of chemistry, and especially for his researches on the derivatives of ammonia"	[84]
125	1876	Bernard, ClaudeClaude Bernard	França	"For his numerous contributions to the science of physiology"	[48]
126	1877	Dana, James DwightJames Dwight Dana	Estados Unidos	"For his biological, geological, and mineralogical investigations, carried on through half a century, and for the valuable works in which his conclusions and discoveries have been published"	[48]
127	1878	Boussingault, Jean-BaptisteJean-Baptiste Boussingault	França	"For his long-continued and important researches and discoveries in agricultural chemistry"	[85]
128	1879	Clausius, RudolfRudolf Clausius	Alemanha	"For his well-known researches upon heat"	[86]
129	1880	Sylvester, James JosephJames Joseph Sylvester	Inglaterra	"For his long continued investigations & discoveries in mathematics"	[87]
130	1881	Würtz, Charles AdolpheCharles Adolphe Würtz	França	"For his discovery of the organic ammonias, the glycols, and other investigations which have exercised considerable influence on the progress of chemistry"	—
131	1882	Cayley, ArthurArthur Cayley	Reino Unido	"For his numerous profound and comprehensive researches in pure mathematics"	[88]
132	1883	Thomson, WilliamWilliam Thomson		"For (1) his discovery of the law of the universal dissipation of energy; (2) his researches and eminent services in physics, both experimental & mathematical, especially in the theory of electricity and thermodynamics"	[89]
133	1884	Ludwig, CarlCarl Ludwig	Alemanha	"For his investigations in physiology, and the great services which he has rendered to physiological science"	—
134	1885	Stradonitz, Friedrich August Kekulé vonFriedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz		"For his researches in organic chemistry"	[48]
135	1886	Neumann, Franz ErnstFranz Ernst Neumann		"For his researches in theoretical optics and electro-dynamics"	[90]
136	1887	Hooker, Joseph DaltonJoseph Dalton Hooker	Inglaterra	"For his services to botanical science as an investigator, author, and traveller"	[48]
137	1888	Huxley, Thomas HenryThomas Henry Huxley	Reino Unido	"For his investigations on the morphology and histology of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and for his services to biological science in general during many past years"	[48]
138	1889	Salmon, GeorgeGeorge Salmon	Irlanda	"For his various papers on subjects of pure mathematics, and for the valuable mathematical treatises of which he is the author"	[91]
139	1890	Newcomb, SimonSimon Newcomb	Canadá	"For his contributions to the progress of gravitational astronomy"	[92]
140	1891	Cannizzaro, StanislaoStanislao Cannizzaro	Itália	"For his contributions to chemical philosophy especially for his application of Avogadros theory"	[48]
141	1892	Virchow, RudolfRudolf Virchow	Alemanha	"For his investigations in pathology, pathological anatomy, and prehistoric archaeology"	[48]
142	1893	Stokes, George GabrielGeorge Gabriel Stokes	Irlanda	"For his researches and discoveries in physical science"	[93]
143	1894	Frankland, EdwardEdward Frankland	Inglaterra	"For his eminent services to theoretical & applied chemistry"	[94]
144	1895	Weierstrass, KarlKarl Weierstrass	Alemanha	"For his investigations in pure mathematics"	[95]
145	1896	Gegenbaur, KarlKarl Gegenbaur		"For his life-long researches in comparative anatomy in all branches of the animal kingdom. etc., etc"	—
146	1897	Kölliker, Albert vonAlbert von Kölliker	Suíça	"In recognition of his important work in embryology, comparative anatomy, and physiology, and especially for his eminence as a histologist"	—
147	1898	Huggins, WilliamWilliam Huggins	Reino Unido	"For his researches in spectrum analysis applied to the heavenly bodies"	[48]
148	1899	Rayleigh, LordLord Rayleigh	Inglaterra	"In recognition of his contributions to physical science"	[96]
149	1900	Berthelot, MarcellinMarcellin Berthelot	França	"For his brilliant services to chemical science"	[48]

1901 — 1950 |

Nº	Ano	Premiado	Nacionalidade	Razão	Referência
150	1901	Gibbs, Josiah WillardJosiah Willard Gibbs	Estados Unidos	"For his contributions to mathematical physics"	[97]
151	1902	Lister, JosephJoseph Lister	Inglaterra	"In recognition of the value of his physiological and pathological researches in regard to their influence on the modern practice of surgery"	[98]
152	1903	Suess, EduardEduard Suess	Austrália	"For his eminent geological services, & especially for the original researches & conclusions published in his great work 'Das Antlitz der Erde'"	[98]
153	1904	Crookes, WilliamWilliam Crookes	Inglaterra	"For his long-continued researches in spectroscopic chemistry, on electrical & mechanical phenomena in highly-rarefied gases, on radio-active phenomena, and other subjects"	[98]
154	1905	Mendeleiev, DmitriDmitri Mendeleiev	Rússia	"For his contributions to chemical and physical science"	[98]
155	1906	Mechnikov, Ilya IlyichIlya Ilyich Mechnikov		"On the ground of the importance of his work in zoology and in pathology"	[98]
156	1907	Michelson, Albert AbrahamAlbert Abraham Michelson	Estados Unidos	"On the ground of his investigations in optics"	[98]
157	1908	Wallace, Alfred RusselAlfred Russel Wallace	Reino Unido	"On the ground of the great value of his numerous contributions to natural history, and of the part he took in working out the theory of the origin of species by natural selection"	[98]
158	1909	Hill, George WilliamGeorge William Hill	Estados Unidos	"On the ground of his researches in mathematical astronomy"	[98]
159	1910	Galton, FrancisFrancis Galton	Inglaterra	"On the ground of his researches in heredity"	[98]
160	1911	Darwin, GeorgeGeorge Darwin		"On the ground of his researches on tidal theory, the figures of the planets, and allied subjects"	[98]
161	1912	Klein, FelixFelix Klein	Alemanha	"On the ground of his researches in mathematics"	[99]
162	1913	Lankester, RayRay Lankester	Reino Unido	"On the ground of the high scientific value of the researches in zoology carried out by him"	[100]
163	1914	Thomson, Joseph JohnJoseph John Thomson		"On the ground of his discoveries in physical science"	[98]
164	1915	Pavlov, IvanIvan Pavlov	Rússia	"On the ground of his investigations in the physiology of digestion and of the higher centres of the nervous system"	[98]
165	1916	Dewar, JamesJames Dewar	Escócia	"For his important investigations in physical chemistry, more especially his researches on the liquefaction of gases"	[98]
166	1917	Roux, ÉmileÉmile Roux	França	"On the ground of his eminence as a bacteriologist, and as a pioneer in serum therapy"	[101]
167	1918	Lorentz, HendrikHendrik Lorentz	Países Baixos	"On the ground of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics"	[98]
168	1919	Bayliss, WilliamWilliam Bayliss	Inglaterra	"On the ground of his researches in general physiology & biophysics"	[98]
169	1920	Brown, HoraceHorace Brown	Reino Unido	"On the ground of his work on the chemistry of carbohydrates, &c"	[102]
170	1921	Larmor, JosephJoseph Larmor	Irlanda	"For his researches in mathematical physics"	[103]
171	1922	Rutherford, ErnestErnest Rutherford	Nova Zelândia	"For his researches in radio activity & atomic structure"	[98]
172	1923	Lamb, HoraceHorace Lamb	Reino Unido	"For his researches in mathematical physics"	[104]
173	1924	Sharpey-Schafer, Edward AlbertEdward Albert Sharpey-Schafer		"For the valuable work he has done in physiology and histology and the position he now occupies as a leader in these sciences"	—
174	1925	Einstein, AlbertAlbert Einstein	Alemanha	"For his theory of relativity and his contributions to the quantum theory"	[98]
175	1926	Hopkins, FrederickFrederick Hopkins	Reino Unido	"For his distinguished and fruitful work in biochemistry"	[105]
176	1927	Sherrington, CharlesCharles Sherrington		"For his distinguished work on neurology"	[106]
177	1928	Parsons, Charles AlgernonCharles Algernon Parsons		"For his contributions to engineering science"	—
178	1929	Planck, MaxMax Planck	Alemanha	"For his contributions to theoretical physics and especially as the originator of the quantum theory"	[107]
179	1930	Bragg, William HenryWilliam Henry Bragg	Reino Unido	"For his distinguished contributions to crystallography and radioactivity"	[108]
180	1931	Schuster, ArthurArthur Schuster	Alemanha	"For his distinguished researches in optics and terrestrial magnetism"	[109]
181	1932	Hale, George ElleryGeorge Ellery Hale	Estados Unidos	"For his distinguished work on the solar magnetic phenomena and for his eminence as a scientific engineer, especially in connexion with Mount Wilson Observatory"	[110]
182	1933	Smith, TheobaldTheobald Smith		"For his original research and observation on diseases of animals and man"	[111]
183	1934	Haldane, John ScottJohn Scott Haldane	Escócia	"In recognition of his discoveries in human physiology and of their application to medicine, mining, diving and engineering"	[112]
184	1935	Wilson, Charles Thomson ReesCharles Thomson Rees Wilson		"For his work on the use of clouds in advancing our knowledge of atoms and their properties"	[113]
185	1936	Evans, ArthurArthur Evans	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his pioneer work in Crete, particularly his contributions to the history and civilization of its Minoan age"	[114]
186	1937	Dale, HenryHenry Dale		"In recognition of his important contributions to physiology and pharmacology, particularly in relation to the nervous and neuro-muscular systems"	[115]
187	1938	Bohr, NielsNiels Bohr	Dinamarca	"In recognition of his distinguished work in the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure"	[116]
188	1939	Morgan, Thomas HuntThomas Hunt Morgan	Estados Unidos	"For his establishment of the modern science of genetics which had revolutionized our understanding, not only of heredity, but of the mechanism and nature of evolution"	[117]
189	1940	Langevin, PaulPaul Langevin	França	"For his pioneer work on the electron theory of magnetism, his fundamental contributions to discharge of electricity in gases, and his important work in many branches of theoretical physics"	[118]
190	1941	Lewis, ThomasThomas Lewis	Reino Unido	"For his clinical and experimental investigations upon the mammalian heart"	[119]
191	1942	Robinson, RobertRobert Robinson		"For his research work of outstanding originality and brilliance which has influenced the whole field of organic chemistry"	[120]
192	1943	Barcroft, JosephJoseph Barcroft		"For his distinguished work on respiration and the respiratory function of the blood"	[121]
193	1944	Taylor, Geoffrey IngramGeoffrey Ingram Taylor		"For his many contributions to aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the structure of metals, which have had a profound influence on the advance of physical science and its applications"	[122]
194	1945	Avery, Oswald TheodoreOswald Theodore Avery	Canadá	"For his success in introducing chemical methods in the study of immunity against infective diseases"	[123]
195	1946	Adrian, Edgar DouglasEdgar Douglas Adrian	Reino Unido	"For his distinguished researches on the fundamental nature of nervous activity, and recently on the localization of certain nervous functions"	[124]
196	1947	Hardy, Godfrey HaroldGodfrey Harold Hardy		"For his distinguished part in the development of mathematical analysis in England during the last thirty years"	[125]
197	1948	Hill, Archibald VivianArchibald Vivian Hill		"For his distinguished researches on myothermal problems and on biophysical phenomena in nerve and other tissues"	[126]
198	1949	Hevesy, George Charles DeGeorge Charles De Hevesy	Hungria	"For his distinguished work on the chemistry of radioactive elements and especially for his development of the radioactive tracer techniques in the investigation of biological processes"	[127]
199	1950	Chadwick, JamesJames Chadwick	Reino Unido	"For his outstanding work in nuclear physics and in the development of atomic energy, especially for his discovery of the neutron"	[128]

1951 — 2000 |

Nº	Ano	Premiado	Nacionalidade	Razão	Referência
200	1951	Keilin, DavidDavid Keilin	Reino Unido	"For his fundamental researches in the fields of protozoology, entomology and the biochemistry of enzymes"	[129]
201	1952	Dirac, PaulPaul Dirac		"In recognition of his remarkable contributions to relativistic dynamics of a particle in quantum mechanics"	[130]
202	1953	Kluyver, AlbertAlbert Kluyver	Países Baixos	"For his distinguished contributions of a fundamental character to the science of microbiology"	—
203	1954	Whittaker, Edmund TaylorEdmund Taylor Whittaker	Reino Unido	"For his distinguished contributions to both pure and applied mathematics and to theoretical physics"	[131]
204	1955	Fisher, RonaldRonald Fisher		"In recognition of his numerous and distinguished contributions to developing the theory and application of statistics for making quantitative a vast field of biology"	[132]
205	1956	Blackett, PatrickPatrick Blackett		"In recognition of his outstanding studies of cosmic ray showers and heavy mesons and in the field of palaeomagnetism"	—
206	1957	Florey, HowardHoward Florey	Austrália	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to experimental pathology and medicine"	[133]
207	1958	Littlewood, John EdensorJohn Edensor Littlewood	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to many branches of analysis, including Tauberian theory, the Riemann zeta function, and non-linear differential equations"	[134]
208	1959	Burnet, Frank MacfarlaneFrank Macfarlane Burnet	Austrália	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of viruses and of immunology"	[135]
209	1960	Jeffreys, HaroldHarold Jeffreys	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his distinguished work in many branches of geophysics, and also in the theory of probability and astronomy"	[136]
210	1961	Krebs, Hans AdolfHans Adolf Krebs	Alemanha	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry, in particular his work on the ornithine, tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles"	[137] s
211	1962	Hinshelwood, Cyril NormanCyril Norman Hinshelwood	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his distinguished researches in the field of chemical kinetics, including the study of biological reaction mechanisms, and of his outstanding contributions to natural philosophy"	[138]
212	1963	Fildes, PaulPaul Fildes		"In recognition of his pioneering contributions to bacteriology."	—
213	1964	Sydney Chapman, Sydney Chapman		"In recognition of his theoretical contributions to terrestrial and interplanetary magnetism, the ionosphere and the aurora borealis"	[139]
214	1965	Hodgkin, AlanAlan Hodgkin		"In recognition of his discovery of the mechanism of excitation and impulse conduction in nerve, and his outstanding leadership in the development of neurophysiology"	—
215	1966	Lawrence Bragg, WilliamWilliam Lawrence Bragg	Austrália	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the development of methods of structural determination by X-ray diffraction"	[98]
216	1967	Katz, BernardBernard Katz	Alemanha	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in transmission across the neuromuscular junction"	—
217	1968	Reichstein, TadeusTadeus Reichstein	Polónia	"In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemistry of vitamin C and his authoritative studies of the cortico-steroids"	—
218	1969	Medawar, PeterPeter Medawar	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his distinguished studies of tissue transplantation and immunological tolerance"	[98]
219	1970	Todd, AlexanderAlexander Todd		"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to both the analytical and synthetic chemistry of natural products of diverse types"	[98]
220	1971	Pirie, NormanNorman Pirie		"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry and especially for his elucidation of the nature of plant viruses"	—
221	1972	Mott, Nevill FrancisNevill Francis Mott		"In recognition of his original contributions over a long period to atomic and solid state physics"	[98]
222	1973	Huxley, AndrewAndrew Huxley		"In recognition of his outstanding studies on the mechanisms of the nerve impulse and of activation of muscular contraction"	—
223	1974	Hodge, William V. D.William V. D. Hodge	Escócia	"In recognition of his pioneering work in algebraic geometry, notably in his theory of harmonic integrals"	[140]
224	1975	Crick, FrancisFrancis Crick	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology"	[98]
225	1976	Hodgkin, Dorothy CrowfootDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin		"In recognition of her outstanding work on the structures of complex molecules, particularly Penicillin, vitamin B12 and insulin"	[98]
226	1977	Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger		"In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids"	[98]
227	1978	Woodward, Robert BurnsRobert Burns Woodward	Estados Unidos	"In recognition of his masterly contributions to the synthesis of complex natural products and his discovery of the importance of orbital symmetry"	[98]
228	1979	Perutz, MaxMax Perutz	Áustria	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology through his own studies of the structure and biological activity of haemoglobin and his leadership in the development of the subject"	[98]
229	1980	Barton, Derek Harold RichardDerek Harold Richard Barton	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to a wide range of problems in structural and synthetic organic chemistry and , in particular, his introduction of conformational analysis into stereochemistry"	[98]
230	1981	Mitchell, Peter D.Peter D. Mitchell		"In recognition of his distinguished contribution to biology in his formulation and development of the chemiosmotic theory of energy transduction"	[98]
231	1982	Cornforth, JohnJohn Cornforth	Austrália	"In recognition of his distinguished research on the stereochemically-controlled synthesis and biosynthesis of biologically important molecules"	[141]
232	1983	Porter, RodneyRodney Porter	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of immunoglobulins and of the reactions involved in activating the complement system of proteins"	—
233	1984	Chandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	Índia	"In recognition of his distinguished work on theoretical physics, including stellar structure, theory of radiation, hydrodynamic stability and relativity"	[142]
234	1985	Klug, AaronAaron Klug	Lituânia	"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to our understanding of complex biological structures and the methods used for determining them"	—
235	1986	Peierls, RudolphRudolph Peierls	Alemanha	"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a very wide range of theoretical physics, and signal advances in proposing the probable existence of nuclear chain reactions in fissile materials"	—
236	1987	Hill, RobertRobert Hill	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his pioneering contributions to the understanding of the nature and mechanism of the main pathway of electron transport in photosynthesis"	—
237	1988	Atiyah, MichaelMichael Atiyah	Líbano	"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a wide range of topics in geometry, topology, analysis and theoretical physics"	[143]
238	1989	Milstein, CesarCesar Milstein	Argentina	"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to immunology, in particular to the discovery of monoclonal antibodies and to the understanding of the role of somatic mutations in the maturation of the immune response"	—
239	1990	Salam, AbdusAbdus Salam	Paquistão	"In recognition of his work on the symmetries of the laws of nature, and especially the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces"	[144]
240	1991	Brenner, SydneySydney Brenner	África do Sul	"In recognition of his many contributions to molecular genetics and developmental biology, and his recent role in the Human Genome mapping project"	—
241	1992	Porter, GeorgeGeorge Porter	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his contributions to fundamental understanding of fast photochemical and photophysical processes and their role in chemistry and biology"	[145]
242	1993	Watson, JamesJames Watson	Estados Unidos	"In recognition of his tireless pursuit of DNA, from the elucidation of its structure to the social and medical implications of the sequencing of the human genome"	[146]
243	1994	Frank, Frederick CharlesFrederick Charles Frank	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology, in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth; to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination; and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals. He has also contributed through a variety of remarkable insights into a great number of physical problems"	—
244	1995	Fenner, FrankFrank Fenner	Austrália	"In recognition of his contribution to animal virology with special emphasis on the pox and myxomatosis viruses and their relationship with the host in causing disease"	—
245	1996	Cottrell, AlanAlan Cottrell	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his contribution to the understanding of mechanical properties of materials and related topics through his pioneering studies on crystal plasticity, dislocation impurity interactions, fracture and irradiation effects"	[147]
246	1997	Huxley, HughHugh Huxley		"In recognition of his pioneering work on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, providing solutions to one of the great problems in physiology"	—
247	1998	Lighthill, JamesJames Lighthill	França	"In recognition of his profound contributions to many fields within fluid mechanics including important aspects of the interaction of sound and fluid flow and numerous other contributions which have had practical applications in aircraft engine design. He is noted also for his ground-breaking work on both external bio-fluid-dynamics - analysis of mechanisms of swimming and flying - and internal bio-fluid-dynamics, including flow in the cardiovascular system and the airways, and cochlear mechanics and other aspects of hearing"	[148]
248	1999	Smith, John MaynardJohn Maynard Smith	Reino Unido	"In recognition of his seminal contributions to evolutionary biology, including his experimental work on sexual selection, his important contributions to our understanding of ageing, his introduction of game theoretical methods for the analysis of complex evolutionary scenarios and his research into molecular evolution, both through his classic work on genetic hitchhiking, and with his more recent, ongoing work on bacterial population growth"	[149]
249	2000	Battersby, AlanAlan Battersby		"In recognition of his pioneering work in elucidating the detailed biosynthetic pathways to all the major families of plant alkaloids. His approach, which stands as a paradigm for future biosynthetic studies on complex molecules, combines isolation work, structure determination, synthesis, isotopic labelling and spectroscopy, especially advanced NMR, as well as genetics and molecular biology. This spectacular research revealed the entire pathway to vitamin B12"	—

2001 — 2018 |

Nº	Ano	Premiado	Nacionalidade	Razão	Referência
250	2001	Miller, JacquesJacques Miller	França	"For his work on the immunological function of the thymus and of T cells, which has revolutionised the science of immunology. Professor Millers work is paving the way for designing new methods to improve resistance to infections, producing new vaccines, enhancing graft survival, dealing with autoimmunity and even persuading the immune system to reject cancer cells"	—
251	2002	Pople, JohnJohn Pople	Reino Unido	"For his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. His work transformed density functional theory into a powerful theoretical tool for chemistry, chemical physics and biology"	[150]
252	2003	Gurdon, JohnJohn Gurdon		"For his unique range of groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of cell and developmental biology. He pioneered the concept that specialised cells are genetically equivalent and that they differ only in the genes they express not the genes they contain, a concept fundamental to modern biology"	—
253	2004	Kroto, HaroldHarold Kroto		"in recognition of his seminal contributions to understanding the fundamental dynamics of carbon chain molecules, leading to the detection of these species (polyynes) in the interstellar medium by radioastronomy, and thence to the genesis of a new era in carbon science"	[151]
254	2005	Nurse, PaulPaul Nurse		"for his contributions to cell biology in general, and to the elucidation of the control of cell division."	—
255	2006	Hawking, StephenStephen Hawking		"For his outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and theoretical cosmology."[28]
256	2007	May, RobertRobert May		"for his seminal studies of interactions within and among biological populations that have reshaped our understanding of how species, communities and entire ecosystems respond to natural or human created disturbance."	[152]
257	2008	Penrose, RogerRoger Penrose		"for his beautiful and original insights into many areas of mathematics and mathematical physics. Sir Roger has made outstanding contributions to general relativity theory and cosmology, most notably for his work on black holes and the Big Bang."
258	2009	Evans, MartinMartin Evans		"for his seminal work on embryonic stem cells in mice, which revolutionised the field of genetics."
259[a]	2010	Cox, DavidDavid Cox		"for his seminal contributions to the theory and applications of statistics."
		Lindahl, TomasTomas Lindahl	Suécia	"for his seminal contributions to the understanding of the biochemistry of DNA repair."
260	2011	McKenzie, DanDan McKenzie	Reino Unido	"For his seminal contributions to the understanding of geological and geophysical phenomena including tectonic plates."
261	2012	Walker, John ErnestJohn Ernest Walker		"For his ground-breaking work on bioenergetics, discovering the mechanism of ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion."
262	2013	Geim, AndreAndre Geim	Países Baixos	"Por sua numerosa contribuição científica e, em particular, por iniciar pesquisa sobre cristais atômicos bidimensionais e suas hetero-estruturas artificiais."	[153]
263	2014	Jeffreys, AlecAlec Jeffreys	Reino Unido	"For his pioneering work on variation and mutation in the human genome."	[154]
264	2015	Higgs, PeterPeter Higgs	Reino Unido	"Por sua contribuição fundamental para a física de partículas com sua teoria que explica a origem da massa de partículas elementares, confirmada pelas experiências no Grande Colisor de Hádrons."	[155]
265	2016	Henderson, RichardRichard Henderson	Reino Unido	"Em reconhecimento de suas contribuições fundamentais e revolucionárias ao desenvolvimento da microscopia eletrônica de materiais biológicos, possibilitando deduzir sua estrutura atômica."	[156]
266	2017	Wiles, AndrewAndrew Wiles	Reino Unido	"For his beautiful and unexpected proof of Fermat's Last Theorem which is one of the most important mathematical achievements of the 20th century."	[157]
267	2018	Gordon, Jeffrey IvanJeffrey Ivan Gordon	Estados Unidos	"For his contributions to understanding the role of gut microbial communities to human health and disease."	[158]

• 
  a. ^{^} Em 2010, foram concedidas duas medalhas em comemoração ao 350.º aniversário da Royal Society.^[152]
  

Referências

Ligações externas |

• 
  Página oficial da Medalha Copley (em inglês) no sítio da Royal Society

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