Why is initializing a string in an if statement different than in a switch statement?












8














I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement?



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.










share|improve this question







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  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    1 min ago
















8














I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement?



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.










share|improve this question







New contributor




jkofskie is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    1 min ago














8












8








8







I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement?



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.










share|improve this question







New contributor




jkofskie is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement?



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.







java string if-statement switch-statement






share|improve this question







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jkofskie is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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share|improve this question







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asked 1 hour ago









jkofskie

433




433




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Check out our Code of Conduct.












  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    1 min ago


















  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    1 min ago
















In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
– immibis
1 min ago




In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
– immibis
1 min ago












4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















8














That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





share|improve this answer



















  • 2




    And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
    – DrZoo
    1 hour ago










  • @DrZoo that is correct
    – mkjh
    1 hour ago










  • @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
    – jkofskie
    1 hour ago



















1














In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






share|improve this answer





























    1














    In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






    share|improve this answer





















    • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
      – jkofskie
      32 mins ago



















    0














    You should use this



    public class Switch {
    public static void main(String args) {
    int month = 5;
    String season;
    // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
    switch(month) {
    case 12:
    case 1:
    case 2:
    season = "Winter";
    break;
    case 3:
    case 4:
    case 5:
    season = "Spring";
    break;
    case 6 :
    case 7 :
    case 8 :
    season = "Summer";
    break;
    case 9 :
    case 10 :
    case 11 :
    season = "Fall";
    break;

    default:
    season = "Invalid";
    break;
    }
    System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
    } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
    }





    share|improve this answer








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      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes








      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      8














      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





      share|improve this answer



















      • 2




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        1 hour ago
















      8














      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





      share|improve this answer



















      • 2




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        1 hour ago














      8












      8








      8






      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





      share|improve this answer














      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");






      share|improve this answer














      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer








      edited 1 hour ago

























      answered 1 hour ago









      mkjh

      625316




      625316








      • 2




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        1 hour ago














      • 2




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        1 hour ago










      • @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        1 hour ago








      2




      2




      And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
      – DrZoo
      1 hour ago




      And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
      – DrZoo
      1 hour ago












      @DrZoo that is correct
      – mkjh
      1 hour ago




      @DrZoo that is correct
      – mkjh
      1 hour ago












      @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
      – jkofskie
      1 hour ago




      @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
      – jkofskie
      1 hour ago













      1














      In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



      Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






      share|improve this answer


























        1














        In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



        Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






        share|improve this answer
























          1












          1








          1






          In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



          Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






          share|improve this answer












          In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



          Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered 1 hour ago









          KaNa0011

          130110




          130110























              1














              In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






              share|improve this answer





















              • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
                – jkofskie
                32 mins ago
















              1














              In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






              share|improve this answer





















              • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
                – jkofskie
                32 mins ago














              1












              1








              1






              In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






              share|improve this answer












              In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.







              share|improve this answer












              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer










              answered 1 hour ago









              another-dave

              4245




              4245












              • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
                – jkofskie
                32 mins ago


















              • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
                – jkofskie
                32 mins ago
















              Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
              – jkofskie
              32 mins ago




              Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
              – jkofskie
              32 mins ago











              0














              You should use this



              public class Switch {
              public static void main(String args) {
              int month = 5;
              String season;
              // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
              switch(month) {
              case 12:
              case 1:
              case 2:
              season = "Winter";
              break;
              case 3:
              case 4:
              case 5:
              season = "Spring";
              break;
              case 6 :
              case 7 :
              case 8 :
              season = "Summer";
              break;
              case 9 :
              case 10 :
              case 11 :
              season = "Fall";
              break;

              default:
              season = "Invalid";
              break;
              }
              System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
              } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
              }





              share|improve this answer








              New contributor




              Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
              Check out our Code of Conduct.























                0














                You should use this



                public class Switch {
                public static void main(String args) {
                int month = 5;
                String season;
                // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
                switch(month) {
                case 12:
                case 1:
                case 2:
                season = "Winter";
                break;
                case 3:
                case 4:
                case 5:
                season = "Spring";
                break;
                case 6 :
                case 7 :
                case 8 :
                season = "Summer";
                break;
                case 9 :
                case 10 :
                case 11 :
                season = "Fall";
                break;

                default:
                season = "Invalid";
                break;
                }
                System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
                } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
                }





                share|improve this answer








                New contributor




                Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.





















                  0












                  0








                  0






                  You should use this



                  public class Switch {
                  public static void main(String args) {
                  int month = 5;
                  String season;
                  // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
                  switch(month) {
                  case 12:
                  case 1:
                  case 2:
                  season = "Winter";
                  break;
                  case 3:
                  case 4:
                  case 5:
                  season = "Spring";
                  break;
                  case 6 :
                  case 7 :
                  case 8 :
                  season = "Summer";
                  break;
                  case 9 :
                  case 10 :
                  case 11 :
                  season = "Fall";
                  break;

                  default:
                  season = "Invalid";
                  break;
                  }
                  System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
                  } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
                  }





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                  You should use this



                  public class Switch {
                  public static void main(String args) {
                  int month = 5;
                  String season;
                  // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
                  switch(month) {
                  case 12:
                  case 1:
                  case 2:
                  season = "Winter";
                  break;
                  case 3:
                  case 4:
                  case 5:
                  season = "Spring";
                  break;
                  case 6 :
                  case 7 :
                  case 8 :
                  season = "Summer";
                  break;
                  case 9 :
                  case 10 :
                  case 11 :
                  season = "Fall";
                  break;

                  default:
                  season = "Invalid";
                  break;
                  }
                  System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
                  } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
                  }






                  share|improve this answer








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                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer






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                  answered 1 hour ago









                  Alperen Gezgin

                  11




                  11




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                  New contributor





                  Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






                  Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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                      jkofskie is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










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