John Herschel

Multi tool use
John Herschel
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John Herschel, em 1867, fotografado por Julia Margaret Cameron
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Nascimento
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7 de março de 1792 Slough
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Morte
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11 de maio de 1871 (79 anos) Hawkhurst
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Nacionalidade
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Inglês
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Prêmios
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Medalha Copley (1821) e (1847), Prêmio Lalande (1825), Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1826), (1836)[1], Medalha Real (1833), (1836), (1840)
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Campo(s)
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Matemática, astronomia
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John Frederick William Herschel (Slough, 7 de março de 1792 — Hawkhurst, 11 de maio de 1871[2]) foi um matemático e astrônomo inglês.[2]
Biografia |
Filho do astrônomo William Herschel. Herschel originou o uso do sistema juliano na astronomia. Nomeou sete luas de Saturno e quatro luas de Urano. Fez muitas contribuições à ciência da fotografia e o poder químico dos raios ultravioleta, como seus experimentos fotográficos com emulsões fotossensíveis obtidas por sucos de vegetais, denominados phytotypes[3]. Também investigou o daltonismo. Estudou na Universidade de Cambridge e, em Londres, iniciou um curso de direito que não chegou a concluir, optando por trabalhar com o pai (1816) desenvolvendo seus conhecimentos sobre astronomia. Desenvolveu também notáveis descobertas em pesquisas sobre a luz e a astrofísica, como o primeiro telescópio para levantamento dos céus do sul.[4]
Está enterrado na Abadia de Westminster, em Westminster, Londres.
Ver também |
Referências
↑ «Gold Medal Winners» (pdf) (em inglês). Royal Astronomical Society. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2017. Cópia arquivada em 15 de setembro de 2017
↑ ab «John Frederick William Herschel» (em inglês). Gap-System. Consultado em 5 de dezembro de 2011. Arquivado do original em 23 de setembro de 2011
↑ HERSCHEL, John William Frederich (1842). On the Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on Vegetable Colours, and on some new Photographic Processes, p.182-214. Londres: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
↑ «John Frederick William Herschel, Sir». DEC.ufcg. Consultado em 18 de março de 2012. Arquivado do original em 24 de setembro de 2015 .
Precedido por Hans Christian Ørsted
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Medalha Copley 1821 com Edward Sabine
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Sucedido por William Buckland
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Precedido por Charles Babbage e Johann Franz Encke
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Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society 1826 com James South e Wilhelm Struve
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Sucedido por Francis Baily
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Precedido por Antoine Jérôme Balard e David Brewster
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Medalha Real 1833 com Augustin Pyrame de Candolle
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Sucedido por Charles Lyell e John William Lubbock
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Precedido por Manuel John Johnson
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Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society 1836
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Sucedido por Otto August Rosenberger
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Precedido por Michael Faraday e William Rowan Hamilton
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Medalha Real 1836 com George Newport
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Sucedido por William Whewell
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Precedido por James Ivory e Martin Barry
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Medalha Real 1840 com Charles Wheatstone
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Sucedido por Eaton Hodgkinson e Robert Kane
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Precedido por Urbain Le Verrier
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Medalha Copley 1847
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Sucedido por John Couch Adams
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Medalha Copley. Laureados (1801 — 1850) |
1801: Astley Cooper • 1802: William Hyde Wollaston • 1803: Richard Chenevix • 1804: Smithson Tennant • 1805: Humphry Davy • 1806: Thomas Andrew Knight • 1807: Everard Home • 1808: William Henry • 1809: Edward Troughton • 1811: Benjamin Collins Brodie • 1813: William Thomas Brande • 1814: James Ivory • 1815: David Brewster • 1817: Henry Kater • 1818: Robert Seppings • 1820: Hans Christian Ørsted • 1821: Edward Sabine e John Herschel • 1822: William Buckland • 1823: John Pond • 1824: John Brinkley • 1825: François Arago e Peter Barlow • 1826: James South • 1827: William Prout e Henry Foster • 1831: George Biddell Airy • 1832: Michael Faraday e Siméon Denis Poisson • 1834: Giovanni Plana • 1835: William Snow Harris • 1836: Jöns Jacob Berzelius e Francis Kiernan • 1837: Antoine César Becquerel e John Frederic Daniell • 1838: Carl Friedrich Gauss e Michael Faraday • 1839: Robert Brown • 1840: Justus von Liebig e Jacques Charles François Sturm • 1841: Georg Simon Ohm • 1842: James MacCullagh • 1843: Jean-Baptiste Dumas • 1844: Carlo Matteucci • 1845: Theodor Schwann • 1846: Urbain Le Verrier • 1847: John Herschel • 1848: John Couch Adams • 1849: Roderick Murchison • 1850: Peter Andreas Hansen
Lista Completa • (1731—1750) • (1751—1800) • (1851—1900) • (1901—1950) • (1951—2000) • (2001—2018)
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Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (1824 – 2018) |
Século XIX |
Década de 1820 |
- 1824: Charles Babbage, Johann Franz Encke
- 1826: John Herschel, James South, Wilhelm Struve
- 1827: Francis Baily
- 1828: Thomas Brisbane, James Dunlop, Caroline Herschel
- 1829: William Pearson, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Heinrich Christian Schumacher
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Década de 1830 |
- 1830: William Richardson, Johann Franz Encke
- 1831: Henry Kater, Marie-Charles Damoiseau
- 1833: George Biddell Airy
- 1835: Manuel John Johnson
- 1836: John Herschel
- 1837: Otto August Rosenberger
- 1839: John Wrottesley
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Década de 1840 |
- 1840: Giovanni Plana
- 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
- 1842: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1843: Francis Baily
- 1845: William Henry Smyth
- 1846: George Biddell Airy
- 1849: William Lassell
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Década de 1850 |
- 1850: Otto Wilhelm von Struve
- 1851: Annibale de Gasparis
- 1852: Christian August Friedrich Peters
- 1853: John Russell Hind
- 1854: Karl Rümker
- 1855: William Rutter Dawes
- 1856: Robert Grant
- 1857: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe
- 1858: Robert Main
- 1859: Richard Christopher Carrington
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Década de 1860 |
- 1860: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1861: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt
- 1862: Warren De La Rue
- 1863: Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- 1865: George Phillips Bond
- 1866: John Couch Adams
- 1867: William Huggins, William Allen Miller
- 1868: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1869: Edward James Stone
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Década de 1870 |
- 1870: Charles-Eugène Delaunay
- 1872: Giovanni Schiaparelli
- 1874: Simon Newcomb
- 1875: Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
- 1876: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1878: Ercole Dembowski
- 1879: Asaph Hall
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Década de 1880 |
- 1881: Axel Möller
- 1882: David Gill
- 1883: Benjamin Apthorp Gould
- 1884: Andrew Ainslie Common
- 1885: William Huggins
- 1886: Edward Charles Pickering, Charles Pritchard
- 1887: George William Hill
- 1888: Arthur Auwers
- 1889: Maurice Loewy
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Década de 1890 |
- 1892: George Darwin
- 1893: Hermann Carl Vogel
- 1894: Sherburne Wesley Burnham
- 1895: Isaac Roberts
- 1896: Seth Carlo Chandler
- 1897: Edward Barnard
- 1898: William Frederick Denning
- 1899: Frank McClean
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Medalha de Prata |
- 1824: Karl Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons
- 1827 William Samuel Stratford, Mark Beaufoy
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Medalha de Reconhecimento |
- 1848: George Biddell Airy
- John Couch Adams
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- George Bishop
- George Everest
- John Herschel
- Peter Andreas Hansen
- Karl Ludwig Hencke
- John Russell Hind
- Urbain Le Verrier
- John William Lubbock
- Maximilian von Weiße
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 |
Século XX |
Década de 1900 |
- 1900: Henri Poincaré
- 1901: Edward Charles Pickering
- 1902: Jacobus Kapteyn
- 1903: Hermann Struve
- 1904: George Ellery Hale
- 1905: Lewis Boss
- 1906: William Wallace Campbell
- 1907: Ernest William Brown
- 1908: David Gill
- 1909: Oskar Backlund
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Década de 1910 |
- 1910: Karl Friedrich Küstner
- 1911: Philip Herbert Cowell
- 1912: Arthur Robert Hinks
- 1913: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres
- 1914: Max Wolf
- 1915: Alfred Fowler
- 1916: John Dreyer
- 1917: Walter Sydney Adams
- 1918: John Evershed
- 1919: Guillaume Bigourdan
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Década de 1920 |
- 1921: Henry Norris Russell
- 1922: James Hopwood Jeans
- 1923: Albert Abraham Michelson
- 1924: Arthur Stanley Eddington
- 1925: Frank Dyson
- 1926: Albert Einstein
- 1927: Frank Schlesinger
- 1928: Ralph Allen Sampson
- 1929: Ejnar Hertzsprung
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Década de 1930 |
- 1930: John Stanley Plaskett
- 1931: Willem de Sitter
- 1932: Robert Grant Aitken
- 1933: Vesto Melvin Slipher
- 1934: Harlow Shapley
- 1935: Edward Arthur Milne
- 1936: Hisashi Kimura
- 1937: Harold Jeffreys
- 1938: William Hammond Wright
- 1939: Bernard Lyot
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Década de 1940 |
- 1940: Edwin Powell Hubble
- 1943: Harold Spencer Jones
- 1944: Otto Struve
- 1945: Bengt Edlén
- 1946: Jan Hendrik Oort
- 1947: Marcel Minnaert
- 1948: Bertil Lindblad
- 1949: Sydney Chapman
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Década de 1950 |
- 1950: Joel Stebbins
- 1951: Anton Pannekoek
- 1952: John Jackson
- 1953: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- 1954: Walter Baade
- 1955: Dirk Brouwer
- 1956: Thomas George Cowling
- 1957: Albrecht Unsöld
- 1958: André-Louis Danjon
- 1959: Raymond Lyttleton
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Década de 1960 |
- 1960: Viktor Ambartsumian
- 1961: Herman Zanstra
- 1962: Bengt Strömgren
- 1963: Harry Hemley Plaskett
- 1964: Martin Ryle, William Maurice Ewing
- 1965: Edward Bullard, Gerald Maurice Clemence
- 1966: Ira Sprague Bowen, Harold Clayton Urey
- 1967: Hannes Alfvén, Allan Rex Sandage
- 1968: Fred Hoyle, Walter Munk
- 1969: Albert Thomas Price, Martin Schwarzschild
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Década de 1970 |
- 1970: Horace Welcome Babcock
- 1971: Frank Press, Richard van der Riet Woolley
- 1972: Hal Thirlaway, Fritz Zwicky
- 1973: Francis Birch, Edwin Ernest Salpeter
- 1974: Ludwig Biermann, Keith Edward Bullen
- 1975: Jesse Leonard Greenstein, Ernst Öpik
- 1976: William McCrea, John Ashworth Ratcliffe
- 1977: David Bates, John Gatenby Bolton
- 1978: Lyman Spitzer, James van Allen
- 1979: Leon Knopoff, Charles Gorrie Wynne
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Década de 1980 |
- 1980: Chaim Leib Pekeris, Maarten Schmidt
- 1981: James Freeman Gilbert, Bernard Lovell
- 1982: Riccardo Giacconi, Harrie Massey
- 1983: Michael Seaton, Fred Whipple
- 1984: Keith Runcorn, Jakov Seldovich
- 1985: Thomas Gold, Stephen Hawking
- 1986: George Edward Backus, Alexander Dalgarno
- 1987: Takeshi Nagata, Martin Rees
- 1988: Don Lorraine Anderson, Cornelis de Jager
- 1989: Raymond Hide, Ken Pounds
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Década de 1990 |
- 1990: James Dungey, Bernard Pagel
- 1991: Vitaly Ginzburg, Gerald Joseph Wasserburg
- 1992: Dan Peter McKenzie, Eugene Parker
- 1993: Peter Goldreich, Donald Lynden-Bell
- 1994: James Gunn, Thomas Reeve Kaiser
- 1995: John Houghton, Rashid Sunyaev
- 1996: Kenneth Creer, Vera Rubin
- 1997: Donald Farley, Donald Edward Osterbrock
- 1998: Robert Ladislav Parker, James Peebles
- 1999: Kenneth Budden, Bohdan Paczyński
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Século XXI |
Década de 2000 |
- 2000: Leon Lucy, Robert Hutchison
- 2001: Hermann Bondi, Henry Rishbeth
- 2002: Leon Mestel, John Arthur Jacobs
- 2003: John Norris Bahcall, David Gubbins
- 2004: Jeremiah Paul Ostriker, Grenville Turner
- 2005: Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, Carole Jordan
- 2006: Simon White, Stanley William Herbert Cowley
- 2007: Leonard Culhane, Nigel Weiss
- 2008: Joseph Silk, Brian Kennett
- 2009: David Williams, Eric Priest
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Década de 2010 |
- 2010: Douglas Gough, John Woodhouse
- 2011: Richard Salisbury Ellis, Eberhard Grün
- 2012: Andrew Fabian, John Campbell Brown
- 2013: Roger Blandford, Chris Chapman
- 2014: Carlos Frenk, John Zarnecki
- 2015: Michel Mayor
- 2016: John David Barrow, Philip England
- 2017: Nicholas Kaiser, Michele Dougherty
- 2018: James Hough, Robert White
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Medalha Real (1826 — 1850) |
1826: James Ivory e John Dalton •
1827: Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve e Humphry Davy •
1828: Johann Franz Encke e William Hyde Wollaston •
1829: Charles Bell e Eilhard Mitscherlich •
1830: Antoine Jérôme Balard e David Brewster •
1833: Augustin Pyrame de Candolle e John Herschel •
1834: Charles Lyell e John William Lubbock •
1835: Michael Faraday e William Rowan Hamilton •
1836: George Newport e John Herschel •
1837: William Whewell •
1838: William Henry Fox Talbot e Thomas Graham •
1839: James Ivory e Martin Barry •
1840: Charles Wheatstone e John Herschel •
1841: Eaton Hodgkinson e Robert Kane •
1842: John Frederic Daniell e William Bowman •
1843: Charles Wheatstone e James David Forbes •
1844: George Boole e Thomas Andrews •
1845: George Biddell Airy e Thomas Snow Beck •
1846: Michael Faraday e Richard Owen •
1847: George Fownes e William Robert Grove •
1848: Charles James Hargreave e Thomas Galloway •
1849: Edward Sabine e Gideon Mantell •
1850: Benjamin Collins Brodie e Thomas Graham
Lista Completa • (1851—1900) • (1901—1950) • (1951—2000) • (2001—2014)
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Portal de biografias
Portal da astronomia
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Controle de autoridade
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: Q14278
- VIAF: 9887999
- BAV: ADV10013392
- BIBSYS: 90260701
- BNE: XX1076403
- BNF: 121665580
- CERL: cnp00585705
- CiNii: DA01586117
- E-Enlightment: herscjohnf025131
- EBID: ID
- FAST: 1800986
- GEC: 0032549
- GND: 118703897
- Isidore: 030199670
- ISNI: 0001 2099 0257 0000 0001 2099 0257
- LAC: 0013K1386
- LCCN: n50036903
- NDL: 00768816
- NLA: 35264409
- NLG: 240892
- NNDB: 000086793
- NTA: 070422680
- NUKAT: n96101171
- OBP: John F. W. (John Frederick William), 1792-1871 ID
- ODNB: 13101
- openMLOL: 113593
- RKD: 381493
- SELIBR: 299969
- SNAC: w6v1261m
- SUDOC: 030199670
- WikiTree: Herschel-17
- ULAN: 500115027
- OL: OL5990643A
- NLI: 001435661
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